Re: Lynx-dev Lynx For Mac

Lynx Users Guide v2.7 Lynx Users Guide v2.7 Lynx is a fully-featured World Wide Web ( WWW) client for users running cursor-addressable, character-cell display devices (e.g., vt100 terminals, vt100 emulators running on PCs or Macs, or any other character-cell display). It will display Hypertext Markup Language ( HTML) documents containing links to files on the local system, as well as files on remote systems running http, gopher, ftp, wais, nntp, finger, or cso/ ph/ qi servers, and services accessible via logins to telnet, tn3270 or rlogin accounts (see ). Versions of Lynx run on Unix and VMS.

Lynx can be used to access information on the WWW, or to build information systems intended primarily for local access. For example, Lynx has been used to build several Campus Wide Information Systems ( CWIS).

In addition, Lynx can be used to build systems isolated within a single LAN. (Me want cookie!). Online help is available while viewing any document. Press the '?' Or ' H' key (or the ' h key if vi-like key movement is not on) to see a list of help topics. See the section titled for information on navigating through the help files.

In addition, a summary description of all the Lynx keystroke commands and their key bindings is available by pressing the ' K' key (or the ' k' key if vi-like key movement is not on). Lynx can be started by entering the Lynx command along with the name of a file to display. For example these commands could all be used to display an arbitrary ASCII text or HTML file: UNIX lynx filename lynx /home/my-dir/filename lynx /filename VMS lynx filename lynx dua5:my-directoryfilename lynx /dua5/my-directory/filename lynx /filename lynx sys$login:filename lynx /sys$login/filename When executed, Lynx will clear the screen and display as much of the specified file as will fit on the screen. Pressing a down-arrow will bring up the next screen, and pressing an up-arrow will bring up the previous screen. If no file is specified at startup, a default file will be displayed. (The default is configured by the system administrator when the command is installed.) Lynx will display local files written in the HyperText Markup Language ( HTML), if the file's name ends with the characters.html,.htm,.shtml,.htmlx,.html3, or.ht3.

HTML is a file format that allows users to create a file that contains (among other things) hypertext links to other files. Several files linked together may be described as a hypertext document. If the filename does not have one of the suffixes mapped by Lynx to HTML, the -forcehtml command line option can be included to force treatment of the file as hypertext. When Lynx displays an HTML file, it shows links as 'bold face' text, except for one link, which is shown as 'highlighted' text. Whether 'boldface' or 'highlighted' text shows up as reverse video, boldface type, or a color change, etc. Depends on the display device being used (and the way in which that device has been configured).

Lynx has no control over the exact presentation of links. The one link displayed as 'highlighted' text is the currently 'selected' link. Lynx will display the file associated with the selected link when a right-arrow or a Return key is pressed. To select a particular link, press the up-arrow or down-arrow keys until the desired link becomes 'highlighted,' and then press the right-arrow or Return key to view the linked information. Information included in the HTML file tells Lynx where to find the linked file and what kind of server will provide it (i.e.

HTTP, Gopher, etc.). Lynx renders HTML files and saves the rendition, not the source, for initial display and should you select the link again. If you do select a link again and have reason to desire a new fetch and rendering of the file, use the NOCACHE command, normally mapped to ' x' and ' X', instead of the right-arrow or Return key when positioned on the link. You also can force a new fetch and rendering of the currently displayed document via the RELOAD command, normally mapped to Control-R. When a binary file is encountered Lynx will ask the user if he/she wishes to download the file or cancel. If the user selects ' D' for download, Lynx will transfer the file into a temporary location and present the user with a list of options. The only default option is Save to disk, which is disabled if Lynx is running in anonymous mode.

Any number of additional download methods may be defined in the lynx.cfg file by the system administrator. Programs like kermit, zmodem and FTP are some possible options. To exit Lynx use the ' q' command. You will be asked whether you really want to quit. Answering ' y' will exit and ' n' will return you to the current document. Use ' Q' or Control-D to quit without verification.

If you wish to view a remote file (that is, a file residing on some computer system other than the one upon which you are running Lynx) without first viewing a local file, you must identify that file by using a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). URLs take the general form: PROTOCOL:// HOST / PATH where PROTOCOL identifies the communications protocol ( scheme) used by the server that will provide the file. As mentioned earlier, Lynx (and any WWW client) can interact with a variety of servers, each with its own protocol. HOST is the Internet address of the computer system on which the server is running, and PATH is a scheme-specific field which for some schemes may correspond to a directory path and/or filename. Here are some sample URLs.

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) Gopher gopher://gopher.micro.umn.edu/11/ FTP (File Transfer Protocol) ftp://ftp2.cc.ukans.edu/pub/lynx/README WAIS (Wide Area Information Service protocol) wais://cnidr.org/directory-of-servers A URL may be specified to Lynx on the command line, as in: lynx Lynx also will attempt to create a complete URL if you include adequate portions of it in the startfile argument. For example: wfbr will be expanded to: and: ftp.more.net/pub will be expanded to: ftp://ftp.more.net/pub See for more detailed information.

You may also specify a starting file for Lynx using the WWWHOME environment variable, UNIX ksh export WWWHOME=csh setenv WWWHOME VMS define 'WWWHOME' 'Note that on VMS the double-quoting must be included to preserve casing. The process of moving within a hypertext web, selecting and displaying links is known as 'navigation.' With Lynx almost all navigation can be accomplished with the arrow keys and the numeric keypad. +-+-+-+ TOP / Page arrow keys of UP text 7 8 9 +-+ +-+-+-+ SELECT prev / link 4 5 6 +-+-+-+ +-+-+-+ BACK SELECT DISPLAY END Page of DOWN doc. link / link text 1 / 2 3 +-+-+-+ +-+-+-+ There are also a few other keyboard commands to aid in navigation. The Control and Function keys used for navigation within the current document are described in.

Some additional commands depend on the fact that Lynx keeps a list of each link you visited to reach the current document, called the, and a list of all links visited during the current Lynx session, called the. The HISTORY keystroke command, normally mapped to Backspace or Delete, will show you the History Page of links leading to your access of the current document. Any of the previous documents shown in the list may be revisited by selecting them from the history screen. The VLINKS keystroke command, normally mapped to uppercase ' V', will show the Visited Links Page, and you similarly can select links in that list. The MAINMENU keystroke command, normally mapped to ' m' and ' M', will take you back to the starting document unless you specified the -homepage=URL option at the command line. Also, the LIST keystroke command, normally mapped to ' l' and L', will create a compact list of all the links in the current document, and they can be selected via that list. The ' i' key presents an index of documents.

The default index is usually a document pointing to servers around the world, but the index can be changed by the system administrator or on the command line using the -index=URL switch, and therefore depends on how the Lynx program you are using was configured. If you choose a link to a server with active access authorization, Lynx will automatically prompt for a username and a password. If you give the correct information, you will then be served the requested information. Lynx will automatically send your username and password to the same server if it is needed again. Rendered HTML documents, and plain text files, may be printed using the ' p' command while viewing the document. After pressing the ' p' key a menu of Print Options will be displayed. The menu will vary according to several factors.

First, some sites set up special accounts to let users run Lynx to access local information systems. Typically these accounts require no passwords and do not require users to identify themselves. As a result such accounts are called 'anonymous' accounts, and their users are considered 'anonymous' users. In most configurations, all Lynx users (including anonymous users) are able to mail files to themselves and print the entire file to the screen. Additional print options are available for users who are using Lynx from their own accounts (that is, so-called 'non-anonymous users'). In particular, the Save to a local file option allows you to save the document into a file on your disk space.

Any number of additional print options may also be available as configured by your system administrator. Some options, such as Save to a local file, involve prompting for an output filename. All output filename entries are saved in a circular buffer, and any previous entries can be retrieved for re-use by pressing the up-arrow or down-arrow keys at the prompt. Note that if you want exact copies of text files without any expansions of TAB characters to spaces you should use the options. When viewing HTML documents it is possible to retrieve and display the unrendered (i.e., the original HTML) source of the document by pressing the ' ' (backslash) key.

The document must be reloaded from the server or disk to be displayed on the screen unrendered, since Lynx originally rendered what it received and does not still have it as source. When viewing unrendered documents you may print them as any normal document. Selecting the Print to a local file option from the Print Menu, makes it possible to save the source of the document to disk so that you may have a local copy of the document source, but it is better to the source. NOTE: When saving an HTML document it is important to name the document with a.html extension, if you want to read it with Lynx again later. Lynx can allow users to edit documents that reside on the local system.

To enable editing, documents must be referenced using a 'file:' URL or by specifying a plain filename on the command line as in the following two examples: Command lynx file://localhost/FULL/PATH/FILENAME lynx path/filename.html In addition, the user must also specify an editor in the Options Menu so that Lynx knows which editor to use. If the file is specified correctly and an editor is defined, then you may edit documents by using the ' e' command.

When the ' e' command is entered your specified editor is spawned to edit the file. After changes are completed, exit your editor and you will return to Lynx. Lynx will reload and render the file so that changes can be immediately examined. If the DOWNLOAD keystroke command (' d' or D) is used when positioned on a link for an HTML, plain text, or binary file, Lynx will transfer the file, without rendering or modification, into a temporary location and present the user with a list of options, as when a link for a binary file of a type for which no viewer has been mapped is activated.

As described above, the only default Download option is Save to disk, which is disabled if Lynx is running in anonymous mode, and any number of additional download methods such as kermit and zmodem may be defined in the lynx.cfg file by the system administrator. Downloading the sources of HTML and plain text files, instead of toggling to (' ') and then using options, ensures that no modifications of the source (e.g., expansions of TAB characters to a series of spaces) will occur. Some options, such as Save to disk, involve prompting for an output filename.

All output filename entries are saved in a circular buffer, and any previous entries can be retrieved for re-use by pressing the up-arrow or down-arrow keys at the prompt. The RELOAD ( Control-R) command will reload and re-render the file that you are currently viewing. The REFRESH ( Control-L or Control-W) command will refresh or wipe the screen to remove or correct any errors that may be caused by operating system or other messages. The NOCACHE (' x' or ' X') command can be used in lieu of ACTIVATE ( Return or right-arrow) to request an uncached copy and new rendition for the current link, or resubmission of a FORM, if a cache from a previous request or submission exits. The request or submission will include Pragma: no-cache and Cache-Control: no-cache in its headers. Note that FORMs with POST content will be resubmitted regardless of whether the NOCACHE or ACTIVATE command is used (see ).

Two commands activate searching in Lynx: ' /' and ' s'. While viewing a normal document use the ' /' command to find a word or phrase within the current document. The search type will depend on the search option setting in the. The search options are case sensitive and case insensitive. These searches are entirely local to Lynx.

Some documents are designated index documents by virtue of an ISINDEX element in their HEAD section. These documents can be used to retrieve additional information based on searches using words or phrases submitted to an index server. The Lynx statusline will indicate that you are viewing such a document, and if so, the ' s' key will invoke a statusline prompt to enter a query string. The prompt can be specified via a PROMPT attribute in the ISINDEX element.

Otherwise, Lynx will use an internally configured prompt. The address for submitting the search can be specified via an HREF or ACTION attribute.

Otherwise, Lynx will use the current document's URL and append your query string as a?searchpart (see ). All search words or strings which you have entered during a Lynx session are saved in a circular buffer, and can be retrieved for re-use by pressing the up-arrow or down-arrow keys at the prompt for a search word or string. Also, you can use the ' n'ext command to repeat a search with the last-entered search word or phrase, starting from the current position in the document. The word or phrase matches will be highlighted throughout the document, but such highlighting will not persist for new documents, or if the current document is reloaded. The search cycles to the top of the document if the word or phrase is not located below your current position. Although have largely replaced index documents for searches via http servers, they are still useful for performing searches directly via WAIS or Gopher servers in conjunction with the internal gateways for such servers.

For example, an HTML index document can act as a cover page describing a WAIS database and how to formulate query strings for searching it, and include an element such as: for submitting a search of the Biologist's Addresses database directly to the net.bio.net WAIS server. The Lynx Options Menu may be accessed by pressing the ' o' key. The current Options Menu contains the following configurable options.

Contents. History Lynx was a product of the Distributed Computing Group within Academic Computing Services of the, and was initially developed in 1992 by a team of students and staff at the university (, Michael Grobe and Charles Rezac) as a browser used solely to distribute campus information as part of a Campus-Wide Information Server and for browsing the.

Beta availability was announced to on 22 July 1992. In 1993, Montulli added an Internet interface and released a new version (2.0) of the browser. As of July 2007 the support of in Lynx is implemented using a version of, from the library's code base in 1996. The supported protocols include,.

Support for NNTP was added to libwww from ongoing Lynx development in 1994. Support for HTTPS was added to Lynx's fork of libwww later, initially as patches due to concerns about encryption. Garrett Blythe created DosLynx in April 1994 and later joined the Lynx effort as well. Foteos Macrides ported much of Lynx to and maintained it for a time. In 1995, Lynx was released under the, and is now maintained by a group of volunteers led by Thomas Dickey. Features.

Lynx and rendering the same page Browsing in Lynx consists of highlighting the chosen link using cursor keys, or having all links on a page numbered and entering the chosen link's number. Current versions support and many features. Tables are formatted using spaces, while frames are identified by name and can be explored as if they were separate pages. Lynx cannot inherently display various types of non-text content on the web, such as images and video, but it can launch external programs to handle it, such as an image viewer or a video player. Unlike most web browsers, Lynx does not support or, which some websites require to work correctly.

The speed benefits of text-only browsing are most apparent when using low bandwidth internet connections, or older computer hardware that may be slow to render image-heavy content. Privacy Because Lynx does not support graphics, that track user information are not fetched; therefore, web pages can be read without the privacy concerns of graphic web browsers. However, Lynx does support, which can also be used to track user information.

Lynx therefore supports cookie and, or alternatively cookie support can be disabled permanently. As with conventional browsers, Lynx also supports browsing histories and page caching, both of which can raise privacy concerns.

Configurability Lynx accepts configuration options from either command-line options or configuration files. There are 142 command line options according to its help message. The template configuration file lynx.cfg lists 233 configurable features. There is some overlap between the two, although there are command-line options such as -restrict which are not matched in lynx.cfg. In addition to pre-set options by command-line and configuration file, Lynx's behavior can be adjusted at runtime using its options menu. Again, there is some overlap between the settings. Lynx implements many of these runtime optional features, optionally (controlled through a setting in the configuration file) allowing the choices to be saved to a separate writable configuration file.

The reason for restricting the options which can be saved originated in a usage of Lynx which was more common in the mid-1990s, i.e., using Lynx itself as a front-end application to the Internet accessed by dial-in connections. Accessibility Because of its and –friendly interface, Lynx can be used for internet access by visually impaired users.

As Lynx substitutes images, frames and other non-textual content with the text from alt, name and title and allows hiding the elements, the browser becomes specifically suitable for use with cost-effective general purpose screen reading software. A version of Lynx specifically enhanced for use with screen readers on was developed at.

Remote access Lynx is also useful for accessing websites from a remotely connected system in which no graphical display is available. Despite its text-only nature and age, it can still be used to effectively browse much of the modern web, including performing interactive tasks such as editing. Web design and robots Since Lynx will take keystrokes from a text file, it is still very useful for automated data entry, web page navigation, and, thus Lynx is used in some web crawlers. Web designers may use Lynx to determine the way search engines and web crawlers see the sites they develop. Online services that provide Lynx's view of a given web page are available. Lynx is also used to test web sites' performance. As one can run the browser from different locations over remote access technologies like and, one can use Lynx to test the web site's connection performance from different geographical locations simultaneously.

Another possible web design application of the browser is quick checking of the site's links. Supported platforms. Icon for OS/2 port Lynx was originally designed for operating systems, though it was ported to soon after its public release and to other systems, including,.

It was included in the default installation from OpenBSD 2.3 (May 1998) to 5.5 (May 2014), being in the main tree prior to July 2014, subsequently being made available through the ports tree, and can also be found in the of most distributions, as well as in the repository for. Ports to, and are also available. The sources can be built on many platforms, e.g., mention is made of Google's operating system. See also.

(8 July 2018). Retrieved 12 August 2018. (8 July 2018). Retrieved 12 August 2018.

Canada Lynx

Retrieved 12 August 2018. (24 April 1999). Dickey, Thomas (11 September 2015). ^, pp. 154-155. ^, pp. 136-139. ^, pp. 60-61. ^, pp. 225-227., pp. 44-46.

XDA Developers. Retrieved 2016-05-27.

Re: Lynx-dev Lynx For Mac Mac

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